B U I L D U P

The physics behind the tools.

How the calculations work, what standards they reference, and where they apply.

Thermal Performance — NZBC Clause H1

R-value calculations use the combined averaging method from NZS 4214:2006, the normative method cited in H1/AS1. The total resistance of a framed element is the arithmetic mean of the isothermal planes bound and the parallel path bound — capturing the physically limiting cases of lateral heat redistribution through thermal bridges.

Framing fraction matters. BRANZ ER53 (2020) found the average timber framing in NZ residential walls is above 34% — more than double the 14–18% commonly assumed. Buildup allows per-layer framing fraction so you can model actual conditions rather than defaults.

Surface resistances follow NZS 4214 Table 1. Vented cavities apply the standard 0.5× reduction to layers exterior of the cavity per H1/AS1.

Condensation Risk — NZBC Clause E3

The dewpoint visualiser uses the Glaser method (ISO 13788:2012) to screen for interstitial condensation. Temperature varies linearly with thermal resistance; vapour pressure varies linearly with equivalent air layer thickness (Sd = μ × d). A condensation risk plane exists wherever actual vapour pressure meets or exceeds saturation pressure.

This is a steady-state screening tool. It does not account for capillary transfer, air leakage, or hygroscopic buffering. Where the screen flags a risk, BRANZ SR344 provides calibration: humidity at the sheathing reached 100% in almost all tested walls, but liquid condensation only formed in a minority. Standard NZ assemblies with acrylic paint and drained cavities perform adequately in temperate zones without dedicated vapour control layers.

E3 and H1 are separate requirements. E3/AS1 §1.1.5 states that insulation meeting H1 cannot automatically be assumed to satisfy E3 condensation prevention requirements.

Structural — NZS 3604

Span tables, member sizing, and bracing demand tools implement the lookup procedures from NZS 3604:2011 — Timber-framed Buildings. Inputs are indexed by loaded dimension (tributary width), timber grade, spacing, and load category. Roof weight is classified as light (≤ 20 kg/m²) or heavy (> 20 kg/m²). Floor imposed load is 1.5 kPa residential per AS/NZS 1170.1.

Wind pressure uses AS/NZS 1170.2:2021 with terrain categories TC1–TC4, topographic multipliers, and NZ wind regions A1–A7/W.

Timber Treatment — NZS 3602

Hazard class lookup for timber elements from H1.2 (interior framing) through H5 (aggressive ground contact), determined by exposure conditions per NZS 3602:2003. Common errors include using H1.2 where H3.1 is required — for example, bottom plates within 150 mm of ground.

Scope & Limitations

All outputs are for preliminary design and educational purposes. They do not replace formal building code compliance documentation. Results must be verified by a qualified professional against specific project conditions and the current NZBC amendment at time of consent. For complex assemblies, transient hygrothermal simulation (WUFI) is recommended.

Key References
NZS 4214:2006 — Total Thermal Resistance
ISO 13788:2012 — Hygrothermal Performance
BRANZ ER53 (2020) — Thermal Bridging in NZ Walls
BRANZ SR344 (2016) — Vapour Control in NZ Walls
NZS 3604:2011 — Timber-framed Buildings
AS/NZS 1170.2:2021 — Wind Actions
NZS 3602:2003 — Timber Treatment
Full derivations: Physics & Maths